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A35-WP / 1 39 1 EX/56 1 3/09/04 (5 页) C0404379 35th Session of the General Assembly, the Executive Committee Agenda Item 15: Protection of aircraft engine emissions on the treatment of the growing impact of climate change proposals (from members of the European Civil Aviation Conference,shanghai massage, 41 States parties to submit 2) Summary This document drew consideration to the people about the impact of aviation on climate change
increasing care, it is needful apt restrict alternatively dwindle the engine emissions on the universal environment, in order to assist sustainable growth of aviation. Conference Action: The General Assembly, in its consolidated expression reflects the premier 14 recommendations embodied in paragraphs. Background 1. Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection (CAEP) has undertaken considerable go of aircraft emissions. the worldwide ICAO one action taken (1996), developed the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) special report km than 40 years antecedent to improve oil efficiency at almost 70%. 1 English and French versions along the European Civil Aviation Conference (ECAC) accessible. 2 Albania, Armenia, Austria *, Azerbaijan, Belgium *, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria , Croatia, Cyprus *, Czech Republic *, Denmark *, Estonia *, Finland *, France *, Germany *, Greece *, Hungary *, Iceland, Ireland *, Italy *, Latvia *, Lithuania *, Luxembourg *, Malta * , Moldova, Monaco, Netherlands *, Norway, Poland *, Portugal *, Romania, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovakia *, Slovenia *, Spain *, Sweden *, Switzerland, The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom *. * The asterisk in the catalogue of the European Union. A35-WP / 1 39 EX/56 - 2 - 2. CAEP has been carried out the following:. to consider how technology contrived by improving the engine and body devise to accomplish reduce emissions;. attention of the new and alternative management structure in response to engine emissions caused by the cloudy effects of the appropriateness;. have begun to climb and rove conditions relating to certification below the means of discharge go to complement the existing airport-related land and off standards;. considered low nitrogen oxides (NO X) emissions technology and long-term technology goals. 3. IPCC report a use of 992 for the bottom year, produced by the atmosphere share of radiative forcing of all person activities of the total 3.5 percent. in the pedestal case, the climate generated by the radiative forcing in the 1992-2050 phase is expected will be 3. 8 The coefficient of growth in 2050 ambition reach 5% of all person activities. According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Annex 1 Parties to the report, the International Air transport greenhouse gas emissions among 1990 and 2000, an increase of 48%. 4. the helicopter by changing the background of track gases and molecules and the formation of condensation degree of interference with the atmosphere. aircraft emissions, including CO 2 and H2O such as greenhouse gas, tin sponge terrestrial radiation and chemically active gases, changes in O 3 and CH 4 so namely the natural greenhouse gases. particles with the Earth's radiation poise directly interact alternatively influence the formation and radiative properties of clouds. There is a generation shackle, the aircraft directly to the accumulation of emissions in the air, changing its chemical and micro- physical properties, and change the atmosphere of radioactive materials, which changes the radiative forcing and thus changed the air. 5. According to CAEP / 6 meeting to consult the latest air traffic growth forecast, 2020 ambition be 4. 1% yearly growth rate in between 2002 and 2020, there will be 12,667 aircraft connected the fleet around the globe to adjust this growth. While the aircraft and engine technology has improved the efficiency of the air traffic system improved , will send environmental benefits,toronto escort, yet these are no offset by the expected addition in aviation emissions growth, such as the IPCC stated. 6. In January 2001, IPCC 3rd assessment report considered all the various sources technological certify on climate change. The report concluded namely In the 20th century temperature rise by approximately 0. 6. C;. Over the elapse 40 years, the lowest 8 km in the atmosphere seems to have additional temperatures;. ice thickness has been reduced;. universal average sea class has risen, ocean heat content has additional 7.. by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) Finance Initiative, a report commissioned activities (, executives, stipend trustees and bodies 1 1999 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Aviation and the Global Atmosphere. A35-WP / 1 39 - 3 - EX/56 investors will increasingly were coerced to make repercussion. fiscal institutions will absence to estimate the overall consolidated financial responsibility cases m which will run via all sectors of the economic and all regions around the world to entirely advise their m investment banking, things management, equity research and portfolio risk management activities. World Meteorological Organization (WMO) presented a paper to the CAEP 1 suggested that climate change could include climate conditions, such as lofty surface temperatures, lusty winds and convective climate, the air of the operating conditions will have a negative shock.'s hereafter policy requirements 9 . ECAC all 41 countries of the air of greenhouse gases. 10. In reaction to climate change impacts of aviation on the growing care ICAO Assembly resolution A33-7 (September 2001 / October) requested the Council to limit or reduce the engine of the environmental shock of emissions plan options to the Two of the emissions trading reach of a voluntary approximate m, and the additional is in line with Guide to one accession. 1 2. Kyoto Protocol calls on all parties to carry out by ICAO to restrict or reduce greenhouse gas emissions from aviation. But in the prevalent sense to take concerted deed are still difficulties. This gives those who have specific commitments to reduce emissions countries to take concerted operation without a global increase of pressure. 13. m we need to address these impacts will be whether we do not deed so that the oppression to increase, there will be strict demand management or refrigerate the development of infrastructure,heard namely bottled water truck to the 84-year-old blind matron must individually carry water hh, or even either simultaneously. beyond disapproval to the development of airport capacity will adversely influence the airline industry. other industries are taking action m which there are risks that the air after the human, and may be without full consultation with the aviation industry, aviation or not to seek attitude to take amounts. Conference Action 1 4. ECAC Member States requested the ICAO Assembly 35th Session: a) acknowledge the impact of aviation on climate change in scale up solemn over period; b) assist the development policies to facilitate those is the of and may need to take action to limit or reduce emissions, therefore, these countries attach with the ECAC Member States do not 1 CAEP/6-IP/31 - climate change impact of aviation actions. A35-WP / 1 39 EX/56 - 4 - A35-WP/77 file supporting the proposal of the General Assembly resolution on the ICAO Council discussed a market-based measures, which should revise its Appendix I (look the appendix) the txt in order to appliance market-based measures to reduce greenhouse gases to limit the likelihood, in particular urged the ICAO to make the needful lawful, economy and technical studies, not to the implementation of CO 2 emissions charges. d) apply the Council to continue to assist exertions aimed by further promotion of existing technologies and running activities, whether feasible, resolve the aviation industry to reduce emissions and facilitate the sustainable growth of new technology and run. mmmmmmmm 1 See C-DEC 1 72 / 1 9 5 and the decision in paragraph 6. A35-WP / 1 39 EX/56 Appendix A Appendix A Resolution No. A33-7 Appendix I extract the General Assembly: 1. Requests the Council to continue to amplify countries to apply to reduce or limit the environmental impact of aircraft engine emissions, primarily in mitigating impact of aviation on climate change appearances of the guiding principles of market-based measures, and to develop cement proposals as presently as possible to the means the highest goal of addressing aircraft engine emissions, assess the costs and benefits of manifold measures and actions taken to obey with the retinue structure, in the process, countries should aspire to respond to domestic and international aviation emissions on a non-action: a ) Voluntary measures 1) to encourage States and other amused parties to take short-term action, in particular through voluntary measures to limit or reduce international aviation emissions; and 2) urged the Council adopted navigating principles for developing such measures (for instance, for quantifying, monitoring and verification of emissions action to reduce or guidelines), including a template voluntary agreement to promote action and early action to ensure that the national benefit and then not thereby disadvantaged; b) and emission-related charges 1) admission of 1996 Council on December 9 eruption charges on the continuing validity of the resolution; 2) Urges States to follow the existing guidelines involved therein; 3) Urges States to refrain from unilateral action, the use of the existing guidelines do not meet the emission-related charges approach; and 4) urged the Council to make further studies on this publish and amplify further guidance; c) Emissions trading 1) accepted the establishment of emancipation of international aviation emissions trading system; and 2) requires the Council as a precedence, the development of international aviation emissions trading guidelines, which focuses on air to partake in free commerce regime created the building and lawful foundation, and comprise reporting, monitoring and obedience and other ingredients; when providing invariable, flexibility. m end m